Design and Optimization of Terahertz-Based D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber for Blood Component Detection

In order to sense and detect significant constituents inside the blood in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime, a new kind of D-shape dual-core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) has been designed using COMSOL Multiphysics Software. The solid core architecture is selected for this sensor due to its capacity to transmit light effectively across a broad spectrum of wavelengths. Because blood is a necessary fluid within the human body, it is important to understand the differences between its numerous components. Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), water, plasma, and hemoglobin are the five main blood components that must be identified in the analyte sample. The proposed sensor uses mode coupling theory to spot shifts in the transmittance curve, which makes it possible to identify blood components. The finite element method (FEM) is used for the optical examination and analysis of proposed DC-PCF properties. The proposed refractive index (RI)-based sensor is designed to operate within an RI range of 1.33–1.4, facilitating the detection of main components in blood. Superior sensitivity has been shown in the proposed sensor, which has a sensitivity of 1 487 500 nm/RIU with a fiber length of 0.2 m. Additionally, the analysis investigates how varying the pitch of air holes affects the sensitivity of the proposed model. This simple sensor design, which offers high sensitivity, creates opportunities for several biomedical applications.