Revealing Modern Stream Ciphers Security: A Comprehensive Review

Stream ciphers are essential cryptographic primitives widely employed in various applications for efficient data protection. This paper presents a comprehensive review of attacks on the Grain, Trivium, and SNOW stream ciphers, which are considered prominent in modern cryptography. Through an extensive analysis of existing research and publications, this work systematically categorizes and evaluates known attacks, shedding light on the vulnerabilities and weaknesses exhibited by these ciphers. By examining a diverse range of attack techniques, including algebraic, statistical, and differential attacks, this work provides insights into the security landscape of Grain, Trivium, and SNOW. Furthermore, it conducts a comparative analysis of the findings across the three ciphers, identifying common patterns and vulnerabilities. The outcomes of our study have profound implications for the practical deployment and usage of these stream ciphers, emphasizing the ongoing need for research and the development of robust countermeasures. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of the weaknesses exposed by these attacks, cryptographic practitioners can make informed decisions concerning the implementation and security of these stream ciphers.