Performance Evaluation of an Electronics Walking Stick for the Blind

Millions of visually impaired or blind individuals face difficulties when navigating independently. While the white cane has been a traditional tool for blind navigation, recent efforts have sought to enhance its capabilities with the integration of sensors. Although blind individuals possess keen haptic sensitivity, challenges arise when using the white cane outdoors. Therefore, this study aims to improve the independence of blind individuals during both indoor and outdoor navigation. The key components employed in this research include ultrasonic sensors, Arduino Nano, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Module, Global Positioning System (GPS) Module, among others. Testing of the developed electronic walking stick revealed that it not only facilitates a more convenient lifestyle for the blind or visually impaired but also serves as an alert system, notifying them of potential dangers..