Inhibition of TNF-α expressions by Triticum aestivum (wheat grains) in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis using male Wistar rats

Expression of Tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) with diffused mucosal inflammation in the colon are major symptom of chronic ulcerative colitis (UC), which alternates between exacerbations and remissions. As a result of reports that Triticum aestivum(TA) has anti-inflammatory properties, this study uses male Wistar rats to assess the potential for amelioration of ulcerative colitis brought on by acetic acid usage. A total of thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: group 1 (control), group II(ulcerative colitis), and groups III, IV, as well as V received aqueous Triticum Aestivum at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg for a period of two weeks. 6% acetic acid was used to induce ulcerative colitis in groups II, III, IV, and V following TA administrations in groups III, IV, and V. Observations were taken on days 3 and 7 as healing progressed and animals were euthanized under anesthesia. We measured weight change, colon weight-length ratio, and colon relative weight. Hematological and biochemical parameters were investigated. Gross morphology and histological analysis were evaluated. When TA was administered, the colon's weight, weight-length ratio, and proportional weight all decreased but the RBC counts and hemoglobin level dramatically increased. The colitis score, TNF-α, and MDA levels decreased significantly in treated groups compared to the colitis model. In addition, protein and nitric oxide levels rose significantly upon treatment with Triticum aestivum. The histology examinations revealed the severity of the colonic mucosa ulceration in the ulcerative colitis control, which was attenuated in the treated groups with mild infiltration of inflammatory cells seen. Triticum aestivum exhibited powerful anti-inflammatory properties by abating TNF-α, and MDA levels, and enhancing the healing of the colon.