Essentials and Future Progress of Green Tribology in Industry 4.0

Tribology is a new branch of tribology, which is based on a combination of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanomaterials (NEMS). It has a wide range of applications in the fields of engineering, engineering, and nanotechnology. This review focuses on the current state of the art of the field of tribology and its applications in modern industry. It also discusses the importance of reducing friction and wear losses through the use of the active flow technique. The viability of this technique is demonstrated by two illustrated instances. Using a mechanical device that may alter pad tilt and consequently, film shape is an alternative strategy. Tribology is an important component of heavy industry because it uses sliding and rolling surfaces, but it is also a highly interdisciplinary field of study that bridges theoretical and applied sciences by incorporating a variety of fields of study like chemistry, mathematics, physics, materials science, and engineering. It has a significant impact on daily life while being relatively unknown to the general public. In this review, we discuss the development of tribology in heavy industry and its impact on the daily life of the industry. An attempt was made on the technological developments that have led to a fundamental shift in industrial systems connectivity (CPS) due to the integration of ICT, the Internet of Things (IoT), and machines to create "cyber-physical systems". This is potentially the industrial revolution that moves away from non-renewable energy sources and incorporates intelligent, geothermal, solar, and wind-powered cities. The development of adaptive, scalable plug-and-work architectures that permit different product and process combinations will be one of the fundamental solutions of the fourth industrial era.