Impact of Turmeric-Based Diet and Its Aqueous Extract on Rats Treated with Alloxan for Alkaline Phosphatase and Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels

Alloxan has been well-documented as a trigger for experimental diabetes, which may be associated with impaired liver function, organ toxicity, and damage, among other effects. In this study, how a diet containing turmeric and its extract affected the liver, kidney, heart, and serum of rats treated with alloxan was examined. The impacts were evaluated by measuring the levels of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in those organs mentioned earlier. Forty female albino rats were divided randomly into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E) each containing five rats. Groups A, C, and E received a diet containing 5% turmeric formulation. Group B was fed a basal diet, while groups D and E received daily oral administration of 10% turmeric crude extract. The dietary study continued for 21 days, following which all groups aside from group A received an induction of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan and were then monitored for 48 hours. The Blood glucose levels of each rat were determined using a glucometer. Administration of alloxan led to detrimental effects on the functions of certain organs, including the liver, heart, and plasma. This is supported by a notable elevation (P ≤ 0.05) in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the group of rats induced with alloxan, in comparison to the normal control group. Pre-administration of a turmeric-formulated diet and extract to rats treated with alloxan mitigated the impact of alloxan on the activities of ALP and AST enzymes in the liver compared to rats treated with alloxan alone. This was demonstrated by the significant reduction in the activities of liver ALP and AST of rats in group B when compared with the control group (A). Also, there was a remarkable significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the activities of ALP and AST enzymes in group (E) compared with the negative control. Therefore, it can be concluded that a turmeric-formulated diet and extract might mitigate alloxan-induced toxicity in the experimental organs.