Design and Construction of a Compact Water Treatment Plant using Bio-Sand Filter as the Filtration System

This research designed a compact water treatment plant using biosand filtration system that addresses water quality challenges in areas with limited access to safe water and inadequate treatment facilities. The influent was obtained from Bells Drive, Ota, Ogun State. The biosand filtration system included fine aggregate, activated carbon, coarse aggregate and gravel arranged sequentially. A plastic bucket with unequal cross-sectional area was utilized and the bucket 's average diameter was 28.63cm (32, 30, 28.5, and 24), its height was 31cm. The bucket used for the BSF and the disinfection tank had similar de-sign parameters. The treatment process included four units: coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection, with optimized detention times for each category. Chemical compounds used in the treatment process included Aluminum sulphate as the coagulant, Hydrated Lime as the coagulation aid, pH adjuster and High-Test Hypochlorite as the disinfectant. Effluent physico-chemical analysis indicated significant improvement after nearly 24-hour of detention, especially physical parameters. The study concludes that the treatment system is highly efficient, but presence of faecal coliform bacteria in effluent samples requires further treatment to achieve complete disinfection.