Advancements in Electronic Bird Repellent Technology: A Comprehensive Review of Effectiveness, Environmental Impact, and Practical Applications

This research endeavours to examine the realm of electronic bird repellent technological developments, in response to the ongoing concern regarding avian damage to crops in storage facilities and agricultural fields. Although scientific evidence supports their effectiveness, the application of chemical repellents and pesticides gives rise to substantial concerns regarding the environment and human health. Given the aforementioned obstacles, electronic avian repellents emerge as a viable and ecologically aware alternative, effectively mitigating the risks associated with traditional methods. The electronic bird repellent functions as an electrically propelled avian deterrent apparatus with capabilities surpassing those of ultrasonic frequencies. While capable of generating ultrasonic frequencies, its operational spectrum extends beyond this particular range. This versatile device, operated on electrical power, can further serve as an avian deterrent, providing a variety of methods for repelling birds. These technological apparatuses exploit the avian auditory perception of ultrasonic frequencies (above 20 kHz) to prevent and discourage avian damage to agricultural crops. Despite extensive efforts, only a limited number of avian deterrent systems have achieved the intended outcomes. However, it is imperative to underscore the significant significance of the efficacy and productivity demonstrated by these refined systems. Drawing from the primary discoveries, an efficacious electronic avian deterrent ought to consist of the following components: a processing unit that has received specialised training in avian identification; a sustainable power source (e.g., solar energy complemented by a suitable battery); and a mechanism that is designed to specifically discourage the presence of individual or multiple birds. An optimistic prediction regarding the future of electronic avian repellents envisions a time when pest infestations in storage facilities are eradicated and agricultural fields are protected from pests.