Antibacterial Activities and Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Neem Leaves

The purpose of this study was to examine the antibacterial properties of Azadiracta indica leaves using Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. The leaves of Azadiracta were gathered at Ekiti State University in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The plant was air dried for four weeks at 25°C in a cool environment, then oven dried for two hours and thirty minutes at 61.9°C, and then ground into a fine powder using an electric blender. It was stored at room temperature, 27°C, inside foil paper. The plant sample's extracts in methanol, and n-hexane at varying concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 12.5 mg/ml underwent an antimicrobial test. Neem extracts were produced and tested for antibacterial activity against E. Coli and Klebsiella pneumonae 700303 using the agar diffusion method. FTIR analysis was used to determine the functional groups and bonds present in neem extracts. A. indica's potent antibacterial activity against several strains of E. Coli and Klebsiella pneumonae 700303 attested to its broad-spectrum effectiveness. When tested against E. coli 11775, the results of the inhibition zones range from 8.67±7.51 to 23.67±0.57 mm, demonstrating how well it inhibits the bacterium's development. N-Hexane exhibits the maximum inhibition zone of 14.7 mm against E. coli 11775 at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml, demonstrating its efficacy at this lowestdose. Its efficacy does, however, diminish at lower concentrations. N-Hexane shows a maximal inhibition zone of 29.50±0.50 mm at 50 mg/ml against K. pneumoniae 700303, although at 12.5 mg/ml it loses some of its efficacy. Different peaks connected to functional groups in neem extracts were detected by FTIR analysis, indicating the presence of secondary metabolites that might be antibacterial. The peaks that were discovered were 3094.51, 2503.72, 2400.13, 1401.24, 1318.33, and 1002.44, in that order. which, respectively, correspond to O-H in a hydroxyl group, C-H in an alkane, N-H in an amine, C-H in an alkane, C-C in an aromatic ring, and C-N in an amine. In conclusion, studies on A. indica's antibacterial activity and FTIR analysis provide insight into the remarkable therapeutic and pharmacological potential of this plant.