Review of Biomass as a Renewable Energy for Sustainable Environment

Nations around the world are confronting an increasing demand for renewable energy as the global population continues to rise at a rapid rate. Recognizing the importance of averting climate change, renewable energy options must be not only effective but also sustainable. This study reviews biomass's potential as a renewable energy source, emphasizing on its role in tackling environmental pollution and waste management issues. Biomass is a product of the plant, produced through photosynthesis using sunlight for the conversion of water and carbon dioxide into a composite mix of organic matter such as hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, fats, starch, etc. The review dives at a wide range of biomass feedstocks, such as Examples of biomass are energy crops (miscanthus, switchgrass), food crops and crop residue during processing (corn cobs, sugar cane, rice husk, wheat straw, bagasse), horticulture (yard waste), wood or forest residues (dead trees, branches, and tree stumps), animal farming (manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorous sewage plant), municipal solid waste (paper, grass clippings, food scraps, clothes, furniture, product packaging), etc. It emphasizes how biomass provides a good chance to utilize feedstocks and farm wastes that would otherwise contribute to pollution in the environment. Biomass helps limit the production of greenhouse gases by turning these biomass resources into biofuels such as biodiesel, biomethane, and biochar which can be used as sources of energy. The importance of biomass as a renewable energy option, not only in terms of its potential to create Biofuel but also in terms of its role in minimizing environmental pollution caused by feedstock and farm waste will be duly reviewed. The study further reviews the relevance of long-term biomass usage for environmental and economic viability. It emphasizes the need for responsible biomass feedstock acquisition and effective management across the production and supply chain toward developing sustainable energy systems and tackling climate change.