Current Status, Gaps, and Future Directions in Quantum Key Distribution Standards: Implications for Industry

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a cornerstone in the realm of quantum communications, promising unparalleled security through the principles of quantum mechanics. However, the realization of QKD's full potential hinges not only on technological advancements but also on the establishment of robust standards governing its implementation. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape of QKD standards, highlighting existing gaps and charting a course towards their evolution. We begin by elucidating the foundational importance of standards in ensuring interoperability, reliability, and scalability within QKD Networks (QKDN). Despite the existence of several standardization efforts, such as those by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), significant gaps persist. Furthermore, we identify emerging challenges posed by the integration of QKD into existing classical communication infrastructures, as well as the advent of quantum networks comprising multiple QKD nodes. Addressing these challenges necessitates a concerted effort towards the refinement and expansion of QKD standards. To this end, we propose several key directions for the evolution of QKD standards. We also advocate further enhancing collaboration between academia, industry and standards bodies to streamline the standardization process and foster innovation. Finally, we underscore the critical role of standards in catalyzing the adoption of QKD technologies by industry stakeholders. Standards-compliant QKD solutions not only instill confidence among end users, but also facilitate seamless integration into existing communication infrastructures. In conclusion, this paper offers insights into the state-of-the-art, challenges, and future directions in QKD standardization, underlining its fundamental importance for the advancement of practical applications of quantum secure communication technologies.