An Insight to Compact Rectenna Architectures: Potential Battery Alternatives

Energy-harvesting (EH) and wireless power transmission devices using microwaves have garnered considerable attention recently. Generating energy from ambient signals or a dedicated source improves the chances of replacing conventional battery-based systems. Batteries have been the most important power source in applications where mobility is essential. These portable devices eliminated the need for extensive transmission cables and ac power outlets. From watches to automobiles, batteries reigned as the power source over many decades. However, as time goes on, the disposal of dead batteries poses a relevant concern and real threat. Harmful chemicals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, zinc, and chromium
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, from dumped batteries can change the soil composition, which affects agriculture and, eventually, the biochain. With the evolving food chain, these harmful compounds affect the equilibrium of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, a viable replacement for battery-based devices becomes imperative.