Materials dynamics in dusty plasmas: from ultracold to ultrahot temperatures

Interplay of temperature, electric charge, electromagnetic fields and condensed matter offers fascinating possibilities to control and tailor materials growth and decomposition [1]. Here we give an overview of laboratory dusty plasma experiments from ultracold to ultrahot temperatures. The significance of ultracold dusty plasma to astrophysics, ultrahot temperature dusty plasma to nuclear fusion energy will be emphasized [2]. Possible material and technology applications, such as novel metastructured surfaces and volumes, artificial crystals, reside in-between the temperature extremes. Latest advances in laser levitation, metastructure materials designs, ultrafast imaging using synchrotrons and X -ray free electron lasers (XFELS) [3], and data-driven machine learning and artificial intelligence [4] offer transformative potentials to better understanding and controlling materials dynamics in dusty plasmas, and to development of new technologies and applications, including nuclear fusion commercialization. LANL report number LA-UR-23-33440.