An Estimation of COI Frequency Using Minimal Measurements in Renewable Power Grid

This paper introduces two robust algorithms for determining the speed of center of inertia (COI) of synchronous generators based solely on measurements of the generator bus frequency, admittance matrix, bus voltages, internal reactances and the inertia constant. Despite having fewer measurements, even when renewable energy is present, the proposed frequency estimation methods for COI outperform other existing methods in terms of user-friendliness, robustness, precision, and efficiency. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, it is implemented online in the modified renewable integrated IEEE 39 test bus system and compared with other existing methods.