Optimizing Radial Distribution System With Distributed Generation and EV Charging: A Spotted Hyena Approach

Ensuring reliability and resilience in radial distribution systems (RDS) is essential for consistent electricity delivery and rapid recovery from disruptions, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles (EVs). This study investigates the impact of EV charging stations (EVCS) on RDS performance, focusing on reliability, resilience, power loss, and voltage stability. We conducted two key studies: (i) enhancing reliability with distributed generation (DG) and EVCS in grid-to-vehicle mode, and (ii) enhancing resilience with DG and EVCS in vehicle-to-grid mode. Using the spotted hyena optimizer algorithm (SHOA), we formulated objective functions to improve RDS performance, comparing results with the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). Testing on the IEEE 69 bus system demonstrated that SHOA significantly improves reliability and resilience, offering a robust solution for optimizing RDS amidst evolving energy demands.