A Promising Optical System for a Lidar Remote Sensing Based on Laser Spectroscopy

in this paper, we present the design and implementation of an optical subsystem of a laser remote sensing system by means of a helium-neon laser (HE-NEL) with a wavelength of 632nm for weather sensing. The proposed optical system operates in the visible radiation range (VRR). The optical system extends the beam range of the helium-neon laser by as much as 0.9 yards. The optical system consists of two sets of optical lenses, each of which contains 3 optical lenses. The first one is for the transmitting system, and the other is for the receiving system. The laser borrowing range of the proposed system reaches 3 kilometers. A sensitivity factor (SF) of 1 m W has been reached. The proposed optical system is also characterized by its small size, as the overall dimensions are 35mm × 35mm, and this is considered a challenge in such systems. The system was also tested at a sensitivity of 1 m W, with a spectral analysis of atmospheric layers for vertical accuracy of only 0.2-0.6 km in the troposphere.