Enhanced Patch Antenna Characteristics Analysis and Implementation with DGS and SMS

The development of Defected Ground Structures (DGS) and Slab microstrip Structures (SMS) techniques improved the properties of numerous microwave devices. While the DGS and SMS are advantageous in the design of microwave filters and microwave oscillators, they are also utilised in the design of microstrip antennas for various purposes for enhanced patch antenna characteristics, including reducing antenna size, suppressing harmonics, and improving matching. In this paper, the combination of the two techniques helped in enhancing patch antenna characteristics such as return loss, bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. The proposed structures are analyzed, simulated, and implemented using a Roger substrate with ε
r
= 3.4 and tan = 0.004 using HFSS. The proposed structure introduces improvement of the antenna parameters such as RL = -58 dB, BW = 290 MHz, G = 6 dB, and 90% radiation efficiency at 9 GHz for wireless applications in the x-band.