An Inverted-L Monopole Array With High Beam Coverage for Antenna-in-Package Modules at the 151.5–164 GHz Band

An inverted-L monopole radiating element is proposed for antenna-in-package modules at the 151.5-164 GHz band. Its radiation pattern is half-isotropic and is well-suited for phased arrays for mobile communications. The ideal inverted-L monopole is analyzed and initial design parameters are found. A radiating element structure designed for planar technology is proposed, which consists of eight copper layers and is fed by a stripline. Impedance matching and fabrication constraints are taken into consideration when designing the structure. An array is designed and fabricated with the same size and technology as the module. To prove its scanning capabilities, a scaled-up version of the array is fabricated and measured at 28 GHz. The beam coverage of the proposed arrays is very high, able to cover 80% with a realized gain of 10 dBi by using just 2 modules.