Optimizing Ultra-wideband Antennas Through Finite Element Numerical Simulations and Complex Material Integration

This paper is based on finite element numerical simulation software, and optimizes ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas. Mainly through the optimization design of the antenna cavity, this study aims to reduce the impact of the cavity wall on the antenna’s voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and radiation pattern. The selected antenna type is the cross dipole antenna with parasitic branches, which expands the impedance bandwidth and improves the impedance bandwidth performance. The structure of the entire antenna model is optimized to enhance its overall performance. To achieve the best results, complex materials are introduced and optimized using finite element numerical simulation method. By reasonable selection of absorbing materials and surface coatings, combined with structural design, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is effectively reduced and the antenna’s radiation pattern is optimized. Finite element numerical simulation method is used, taking advantage of advanced materials and design considerations to ensure the efficiency of the impedance bandwidth. The introduction of complex materials and the application of finite element numerical simulation method play a key role in the optimization process. Finally, a compact UWB antenna is achieved, working within the frequency range of 1.21GHz to 4.45GHz. Within this frequency band, the VSWR is consistently below 2, and the directional pattern bandwidth reaches 96%, showing superior practical performance. This research provides valuable insights for UWB communication systems and antenna design optimization. It provides technical support for the realization of high-performance communication devices