Comparative Analysis of 5G Patch Antenna Sparse Structures Characteristics at Different Frequencies

The integration of antennas into the urban environment without compromising the overall landscape is a significant challenge at present. One effective solution is to sparse wire grid antennas to create structures that can be integrated into different environments. The Optimal Current Grid Approximation approach and its modifications allow the creation of structures with smaller mass than traditional ones, while maintaining the required performance. However, the difference in the current distribution in the original wire grid leads to obtain different sparse structures at different frequencies after applying these approaches. This study focuses on analyzing and comparing the performance of sparse patch antenna structures obtained at different frequencies in the operating frequency range. Frequencies of 2, 2.6 and 3 GHz are chosen to generate these sparse structures. The characteristics of these sparse structures are compared with each other and with those of the original one. The advantages and disadvantages of each structure are discussed. Proper recommendations are given for selecting which approach to use as well as the frequency at which the sparse structure can be generated. In addition, this study compares the characteristics of different sparse structures over the operating frequency range to help manufacturers select a sparse structure that fulfills specific requirements.