A Ef Based Communication used in Various Cellular Networks

To meet heightened user demands, 5G networks are undergoing evolution and are expected to be operational by 2023. However, this evolution has led to increased energy consumption in mobile networks, resulting in a concerning surge in carbon footprint and adverse effects on the environment and human health. This paper addresses these challenges by presenting a survey of techniques aimed at making the upcoming cellular networks more environmentally friendly, often referred to as “GREEN.” Various technologies integral to 5G networks, such as device-to-device communication, spectrum sharing, ultra-dense networks, massive MIMO, and the Internet of Things, are explored with a focus on promoting green communication. The optimization process for wireless router energy consumption involves four sequential steps. Initially, efforts focus on maximizing idle times without clients by filtering out unnecessary broadcast traffic. Subsequently, during extended idle periods, the router optimizes energy usage by periodically power cycling its radios while remaining ready for new connections. With associated clients, energy efficiency is further enhanced by selectively powering down transmit antennas during idle intervals. Finally, a unified approach integrates power cycling of transmit antennas both with and without clients, ensuring optimal energy utilization across various operational scenarios.