Advanced Study and Design of a Flexible MIMO Circular Patch Antenna Array for 5G Communication at 2.45 GHz

This work presents the design, simulation, and analysis of a novel, flexible dual-element patch antenna array operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna is envisioned for potential applications in next-generation (6G) wireless communication systems. The design utilizes two orthogonal, circular radiating elements fabricated on a flexible polyester substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.2, a thickness of 2.85 cm, and a low loss tangent of 0.003. This substrate selection allows for conformability to curved surfaces, making the antenna suitable for scenarios where flexibility is advantageous. The performance of the antenna array is comprehensively evaluated through simulations, focusing on key parameters including gain, reflection coefficient $S_{11}$, isolation, as well as a radiation diagram. We then compare these results with current literature to assess the effectiveness of the proposed design. This work demonstrates the potential of the flexible MIMO antenna array for achieving superior performance in future wireless communication systems, particularly those requiring adaptability and robust communication characteristics.