Nash Equilibrium-Based Spectrum Pricing and Allocation in Satellite-Terrestrial Network

In response to the shortcomings of traditional static spectrum access in meeting user needs amid the rapid growth of communication and mobile traffic, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology has emerged as a promising solution to address spectrum scarcity. The utilization of pricing-based spectrum trading further proves effective in mitigating the conflict between crowded available spectrum and idle licensed spectrum, enhancing utility efficiency through market mechanism regulation. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of satellite-terrestrial integrated networks poses challenges in real-time spectrum pricing due to fluctuations in spectrum quality caused by various interference levels and spatial fading characteristics. This paper proposes a systematic spectrum pricing allocation mechanism designed to address these challenges. The mechanism incorporates coverage analysis for quantitative spectrum quality assessment, accommodates the preferences of heterogeneous secondary users, and seeks optimal pricing solutions and allocation schemes to maximize system benefits. The Hotelling model is employed to describe the interplay between spectrum diversity, secondary user selection preference, and system utility. The paper introduces a systematic spectrum pricing allocation algorithm based on user purchase priority prediction. Numerical results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the primary system's profitability.