Correlation Between Geology and Radioactivity in Water

Radon (
²²²
Rn), a radioactive noble gas originating from the decay of radium
²⁶
Ra) in the uranium
³⁸
U) decay chain, plays a significant role in environmental and public health. This study investigates the influence of geological factors on radon concentration in water sources across ten counties in Croatia. Radon release from rocks and soils is influenced by uranium and radium concentrations, mineral type, and grain size. Karst and limestone formations facilitate radon transport due to their porosity, while mudstones retain radon due to their waterlogged nature. The study employed liquid scintillation and emanometry methods to measure radon activity concentration in water samples. Results indicate varying radon levels in water sources, with karst regions generally exhibiting higher concentrations compared to mudstone areas. Statistical analysis confirms a significant correlation between geology and radon concentration in water samples. Moreover, positive correlations are observed between indoor radon, radon in soil gas, geogenic radon potential, and radon in water. These findings underscore the importance of considering geological characteristics in assessing radon exposure risks through drinking water and implementing appropriate mitigation strategies if needed.