Comparison of Exoskeleton Evaluation Methods in the Laboratory and in Field: A Review

In recent years, exoskeletons have gained the attention of researchers and industry. Their use can improve the quality of life of operators by reducing musculoskeletal accidents. Evaluating the usability and transparency of exoskeletons requires consideration of objective metrics such as physiological parameters, biomechanics of movement and muscle activation, as well as subjective parameters. Large-scale field research plays a crucial role in identifying and monitoring potential effects related to the use of exoskeletons in a real-world environment. In addition, these studies can help establish a thorough scientific basis to support the refinement of ergonomic risk assessment methods, safety standards, regulations, and the formulation of guidelines and best practices for the selection and use of exoskeletons. The review includes several articles dealing with exoskeletons for shoulder and back support both in the laboratory and in the field. The state-of-the-art study shows the methodologies for testing the effectiveness of exoskeletons, highlighting the differences between tests conducted in the laboratory and in the field. In addition, the authors' methodological proposal is presented, illustrating a specific case being developed for the project “Innovation, digitization and sustainability for the diffuse economy of Central Italy - VITALITY.”