An Electrothermal Anti-Ice System Embedded into a Leading Edge Profile Validated Through Fiber Optic Sensors

The proposed study investigates the design of a system, compatible with aircraft structures, that effectively prevents ice formation. The validation was conducted by means of Fiber Optic Sensor (FOS) technology, which are suitable to be embedded into the thermoelectric circuit for temperature monitoring. An anti-ice system was so engineered and assessed through electrothermal tests. The specimen under test was a leading edge profile, composed of 10 layers of carbon fiber material. It was fabricated with integrated several wires, working as heating source, to raise the temperature on the carbon fiber surface and prevent ice formation. The proposed system was firstly simulated in COMSOL environment, to define the correct position and spacing among the wires, within the carbon fiber plies. Afterwards, the system thermal behavior was simulated as well, to prove its feasibility. Subsequent room temperature experimental trials were led, employing a thermal imager to validate the temperature monitoring through FBG sensor. In the experimental setup, a MOSFET working as switch was utilized to limit the wire-induced thermal dynamic which could damage the carbon fiber structure. The whole apparatus would enable continuous monitoring of parameters such as temperature and relative humidity, facilitating dynamic control of the power system to prevent ice accumulation on the aircraft wings.