Signal Strength and Energy Consumption on Various Internet of Things Communication Protocol Using Heltec ESP32 LoRa

Developing a reliable and efficient Internet of Things (loT) system necessitates several factors. One of them is the communication protocol. As the number of connected devices in today's loT has grown significantly, it is essential to select a suitable protocol that considers energy consumption and usage characteristics. The main purpose of this experiment was to find out the intensity of the signal in term of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), the maximum distance that data can be transmitted, including the device energy consumption used during the transmission period using the Heltec ESP32 LoRa connects to the DHT-22 sensor, transmitting temperature and humidity data from the transmitter to the receiver via the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and LoRa communication protocol. As a result, it was discovered that at the same transmission distance, the Bluetooth protocol had the maximum signal intensity, which was slightly higher than Wi-Fi and LoRa protocol. However, LoRa protocol consumed the least energy. Furthermore, LoRa had an ability to transmit over a significant distance beyond Wi-Fi and Bluetooth protocol.