Impedance-based sensing approach for detection of lead (Pb) in water

A new sensor system for detecting lead ion (II) is proposed. This proof of concept comprises an impedance analyzer chip (AD5933) and interdigitated electrodes coated with Chitosan as a recognition layer. The experiments showed a change in the transducer's impedance response when exposed to different lead concentrations. This difference was analyzed using a customized algorithm, obtaining around a 1:3 difference ratio between 100 ppb and 10 ppm lead concentration in water.