Recycling the Driving Force of a Hybrid Electric Bicycle in the Drive Cycle in Order to Provide Energy in Negative Slopes

This paper presents the design of the outer rotor BLDC motor for use in the electric hybrid bicycle, for this purpose, the electrical and magnetic design of the motor is done according to the nominal values and the outputs of this motor such as torque, torque curve according to speed, cogging torque, flux density, etc. have been calculated using the finite element method and the accuracy of the design has been evaluated. Also, the optimization of the engine using the Taguchi method with the aim of reducing the simulated cogging torque and the engine starting circuit has been designed using the pulse width modulation method to control the speed of the engine, which has optimal results in the simulation and management of the energy recovery cycle in the slope. The negative direction of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in the generator mode in order to charge the battery in the control system shows the correctness and optimality of this research.