Comparative Analysis of Different Approaches for Modeling Lead Acid Batteries

The present paper introduces a couple of methods of simulating Lead-Acid battery pack in the field of vehicle electrification, referring to a funicular. Often, the traction of the funicular is based on an internal combustion diesel engine. In this paper the diesel engine will operate in a hybrid configuration using an electric machine in order to obtain the electrification of such an application. The studies show that during the downhill a significative quantity of energy can be recovered and used to supply the energy required to move the funicular uphill. To supply the electrical machine and to store the energy recovered from regenerative braking a Lead-Acid battery pack was used. The main subject of this paper is to simulate the behavior of the battery cells in different ways during the action of the funicular for a specific scenario and to compare the results. Accordingly, the next simulation methods for the battery cell are developed in MATLAB Simulink: the Thevenin I and II order models and Shepherd model. Furthermore, a Kalman filter application will be used for modeling the battery cell. Also, the parameter identification process will be detailed for each case.