Electric Vehicle Charging Implications on Distribution Locational Marginal Prices

Increasing share of electric vehicles (EVs) challenges power system operations due to the uncoordinated charging. The temporal dynamics of EV charging behaviors have an impact on voltage, losses, and congestion; hence, the distribution locational marginal price (DLMP). Through a multi-period AC optimal power flow analysis, this study explores various loading and charging type scenarios to examine the DLMP implications for both vehicle owners and society as a whole. The results indicate that impact of EV charging on DLMPs is the most at the peak hours of the day. This rise in DLMPs is reflected in the concept of cost-to-load. DC charging results in an additional cost of € 31.38/day while AC charging costs € 28.27/day on a modified IEEE 34-bus system. However, the battery optimizing case maximizes the social welfare at most by an additional cost of €11.06/day. A discussion is made on examining external energy storage units that can potentially mitigate the impact of high DLMPs.