Enhancing Energy Systems Efficiency through Virtual Power Plants: considerations for the Portuguese case

The purpose of this study is to discuss and highlight some important considerations of using Virtual Power Plants as innovative solutions for managing energy resources from a financial and technical point of view. Virtual Power Plants are examined concerning their unique characteristics and their potential role in optimizing energy supply in comparison to energy communities. Additionally, it is discussed how Virtual Power Plants can be integrated with ancillary services to enhance system resilience and improve overall efficiency. As a result of these types of solutions, grid stability can be improved, demand peaks can be more effectively managed, and renewable energy sources are better incorporated into the energy supply mix. An analysis of the Virtual Power Plants potential use in the Portuguese grid is presented with a focus on the comparison with the current legal standing of the energy communities. This work contributes to a more in-depth understanding of Virtual Power Plants as fundamental pillars of intelligent energy management in the future.