EV charging and PV self-consumption: technical and economic analysis about their integration

Photovoltaic (PV) self-consumption is already a reality and is quite present in the electricity market both for small and large industrial consumers. In Spain, the Royal Decree (RD) 244/2019 allows taking advantage of the powerful solar resource to satisfy environmental and economic objectives. Simultaneously, electric vehicle (EV) is being developed with an important progress in the last decade, increasing gradually its sales and facing new concepts such as Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control algorithms. Thus, it can be deduced that the convenient integration of photovoltaic systems with EVs charging stations must be addressed. In this paper, an analysis of the state of the art of photovoltaic systems has been performed. In addition, a collective photovoltaic self-consumption plant and a domestic charging point for three types of common Spanish homes have been sized, making an energetic and economical analysis with real market costs and high-technology to make the electric. The study includes the V2G capability in the EVs so that they can provide support services to the grid and get an economic compensation. This analysis shows that all cases are economically profitable, with payback periods from 8 to 6 years. Thus, the EV charging during night allows the households to have a higher degree of surpluses compensation, while EV charging during day hours boosts the profitability of self-consumption.