Perylene Diimide Molecules as Acceptor Materials in Organic Solar Cells

In recent years, non-fullerene acceptor materials have garnered significant attention and utilization in organic solar cells (OSCs) devices, primarily owing to their favorable optical properties and the ease of tuning their electronic energy levels through synthetic methods. The utilization of non-fullerene acceptors represents a prominent focal point in the ongoing research and development of bulk-heterojunction OSCs. Notably, recent advancements in this area have led to remarkable enhancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE), with PCE levels surpassing the $20 \%$ threshold. Perylene diimide (PDI), a prominent example of a non-fullerene acceptor material, has emerged as a subject of extensive investigation due to its favorable attributes such as high electron affinity and excellent charge transport properties. Its widespread study stems from its capacity for efficient light transmission and electron capture. Through an in-depth examination, the article elucidates the impact of PDI-based acceptor materials on OSC device efficiency and outlines the evolving landscape of their application in renewable energy technologies.