Constraints and Adjustable Parameters in Microgrids for Cost and CO2 Emission Reduction

Microgrids offer a promising solution to the mounting challenges of surging energy demand and environmental issues. This article explores the crucial role of microgrids in addressing contemporary energy needs while mitigating pollution risks. Operating a microgrid involves navigating a complex web of constraints, categorized into two primary groups: internal and external factors. These limitations, stemming from the microgrid’s internal structure, environmental conditions, and external grid connections, profoundly shape its operational dynamics. Central to this operation is a sophisticated three-tiered control system consisting of primary, secondary, and energy management controls that ensures the microgrid functions optimally by regulating power quality, frequency, and voltage within specified boundaries. The energy management component, situated at the apex of this hierarchy, demands careful scrutiny as it entails fine-tuning microgrid components and seamlessly integrating them into their environment to distribute energy as efficiently as possible and maintain continuous operation. This paper explores the complex relationship between energy management techniques and microgrid restrictions, highlighting the significance of subtle adjustments in achieving cost efficiency and minimizing CO 2 emissions. In doing so, it contributes to the development of a more sustainable and environmentally conscious energy landscape.