Paradigm of Trustworthy Data Element Circulation Transactions

Data has become widely recognized as a new productive factor with a visible impact on the global economy. However, trust among entities involved in data transactions has been hindered by various risks related to interests, security, and privacy. The replicability and timeliness of data further complicate trust considerations, impeding the development of the data market. Although several technical solutions and management mechanisms have been proposed to address trust concerns, they often focus on specific issues rather than providing a comprehensive analysis or standardized explanation of trustworthiness. This paper investigates different definitions and approaches to trust in various fields. It explores general trust patterns among entities during the flow of data elements and proposes a general definition of trustworthy data circulation based on multidisciplinary theories. The study classifies data element flow into four categories of trustworthy circulation stages and analyzes each category to derive a comprehensive implementation paradigm for trustworthiness.