Selected Problems Related to On-Shore Power Supply for Sea-Going Ships

The paper describes selected problems related to on-shore power supply for sea-going ships while they are in port. The most important legal regulations regarding this issue are presented, including the assumptions of the Fit for 55 program. The applicable standards for connecting the ship's electrical installation with the on-shore power grid are described. Typical power values necessary to power supply different types of ships are indicated. The requirements for power electronic systems used in on-shore power supply (OPS) systems are described. Selected ports, where such systems already operate, are indicated.