High-Performance Flexible Heaters with Optimum Laser Induced Graphene Parameters

This study explores the use of laser induced graphene (LIG) for the fabrication of flexible heaters, addressing the challenges of cost and chemical use associated with graphene production. By employing CO2 laser technology, LIG can be produced through chemical-free, single-step ablation of polymeric substrates, enabling scalable and cost-effective heater manufacturing. After investigating the influence of dots per inch (DPI,) support/base material, and focus depth on LIG quality, an optimum recipe for scalable LIG was established. The fabricated flexible LIG heater exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a high ramp rate of ~25.81 °C/V and swift temperature recovery of 4 seconds. Morphological characterization confirmed the quality of LIG patterns, while assessments of mechanical/thermal stability revealed the robustness of the heater. Endurance testing demonstrated a stable thermal and electrical response for over 4000 seconds at 7N of cyclic tensile force. These findings highlight the reliability and resilience of LIG heaters, positioning them for efficient performance in diverse applications under extended operational conditions.