Precision Rehabilitation: IoT-Based Monitoring in Mangrove Ecosystems

Mangroves are crucial for marine biodiversity, coastal protection, and carbon sequestration but are rapidly declining. Success in rehabilitation relies on site-specific knowledge such as air quality and hydrology, as mangroves are sensitive to tidal and salinity shifts. We prototyped an IoT system to collect environmental data deployed within a mangrove ecosystem. The mangrove-specific IoT architecture includes sensors for field testing in Phuket, Thailand. The prototype features NODEMCU ESP32 unit, SCD41, and HC-SR04. It was deployed in a mangrove forest to capture real-time data on water levels, carbon dioxide, humidity, and temperature, which were displayed on a dashboard in the Arduino Cloud. The collected data highlights IoT's potential in mangrove rehabilitation. It is necessary to improve energy efficiency for longer-term studies and provide more comprehensive data on other environmental parameters for mangrove rehabilitation.