Optimal Demand Response of a Gas–Steam–Power Systems in Iron and Steel Enterprises Considering Internal Production Constraints

Fully tapping into the flexibility potential inherent in iron and steel enterprise and fostering its friendly interactions with the power grid are key directions for future development. Gas, steam, and electricity constitute the three essential secondary energy sources in iron and steel enterprise, and their integration forms a flexible and schedulable energy system. This study, with the objective of minimizing energy system operational costs, employs Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to establish a gas-steam-power coupled scheduling model that accounts for internal production constraints. The energy system engages in demand response as a virtual power plant, by optimally allocating the utilization of gas, steam, and power. Under the TOU tariff, the power regulation range of the virtual power plant reaches approximately 26.94% of the purchased power when not participating in TOU, unveiling the enormous potential for load regulation within the iron and steel enterprise.