Scalar Highly Directive Circularly Polarized Full- and Half-Structured Holographic Metasurface-Based Ku-Band Leaky-Wave Antenna

Scalar meta unit-cell loaded, progressive phase modulated, circularly polarized (CP), holographic metasurface-based leaky-wave antenna (HMSLWA) is reported in this letter. A comprehensive numerical and analytical description of rectangular to polar transformed, progressive phase modulated surface impedance (Z_surf) expression is discussed with necessary simulated and measured data validation of proposed half- and full-structured HMSLWA. Proposed full- and half-structured HMSLWA, having an overall dimension of 12.5${{{\bm{\lambda }}}_0} \times $ 12.5${{{\bm{\lambda }}}_0}$ and 12.5${{{\bm{\lambda }}}_0} \times $ 6.5${{{\bm{\lambda }}}_0}$ yields highly directive central beam (i.e., ${\bm{\theta }}$ = $\phi $ = 0$^\circ $) with a maximum realized gain of g_max = 25.11 and 21.17 dBic with 3.9$^\circ $ and 4.3$^\circ $ HPBW at ${{{\bm{f}}}_{\bm{r}}}$ = 15.51 GHz. A wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is achieved with an overall AR of $ \leq $0.9 dB.