On-Chip Configurable RF Energy Harvester for Biomedical Implantable Devices

This paper introduces an on-chip hybrid rectifier tailored for RF energy harvesting at 2.4 GHz. Leveraging advancements in CMOS technology, this solution offers a novel approach to powering devices, particularly suitable for implantable biomedical devices and applications. This proposed architecture features 3-stage reconfigurable hybrid rectifiers, with each stage comprising a regular threshold voltage ( $V_{th}$ ) MOS rectifier for high input power and a low ( $V_{th}$ ) MOS rectifier for low input power. The cross-coupled connection of both rectifiers ensures minimal ON-resistance and low reverse leakage current during forward and reverse biased conditions, respectively. Through effective reconfiguration of power paths, the proposed system achieves high power conversion efficiency across a broad input power range. This proposed system is designed and Implemented in UMC $0.18~\mu $ m CMOS technology with a Wi-Fi frequency of (2.4 GHz), the measured results are demonstrating an efficiency exceeding >35% for input power levels ranging from −23 dBm to −12 dBm, driving a load of 40 K $\Omega $ .