Ultralow Current Measurement Circuit with Active Closed-Loop Control for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Glucose Levels Healthcare

This paper presents the design and implementation of a pocket-sized electronic system for quantifying glucose levels in diabetic patients by measuring a byproduct of the chemical reaction of glucose oxidation, such as hydrogen peroxide. A novel Nano Wire sensor obtained the current versus the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration relationship. The system utilizes a modified amperometric electrochemical sensor circuit topology named "Strong Follower" (SF) to measure current signals from 1 μA to 11 μA accurately. The SF circuit includes active control loop feedback to maintain the output voltage in line with the input voltage, ensuring accurate and stable measurements. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in quantifying H2O2 concentrations. Experimental tests were conducted using currents of 1, 5, 10, and 15 μA. Additionally, using general-purpose electronic components helps reduce the overall implementation cost, making it more accessible for diabetes healthcare applications.