Multiband PIFA Antenna Design with Optimized Defected Ground Plane Using Genetic Algorithm

The conception of a novel antenna design approaches has become necessary since antennas will be coupled with other components at the same terminal. The area dedicated to antennas is shrinking as the mobile phone industry advances, necessitating the development of miniature, high-performance antennas. Hence, the introduce of a binary genetic algorithm coupled with a defected ground plane to formulate a triple PIFA antenna tailored for mobile communications is analysed. This antenna is specifically designed to cover LTE Band 11, middle and upper band WiMAX, HIPERLAN/2 and WLAN. The antenna ground plane shape is defined using the evolutionary algorithm in order to provide sufficient performance for triple-band operation. The simulation results show that resonance is exhibited by the proposed antenna at three different frequencies. With a resonance frequency at 1.42 GHz, the lower bandwidth extends from 1.41 to 1.45 GHz. With corresponding ranges of 3.3 to 3.51 GHz and 4.6 to 5.8 GHz, the middle and upper bandwidths are centered at 3.41 GHz and 5.43 GHz, respectively.