Optical Fiber-Based SPR Sensor for Chemical and Biological Samples Detection Using 2-D Materials

Detecting chemical and biological samples is essential for safeguarding human health, protecting the environment, ensuring food safety, advancing scientific knowledge, and addressing various societal challenges. It enables early detection of threats, informed decision-making, and effective interventions to mitigate risks and promote well-being. Therefore, this article presents a novel optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the detection of wide range of chemical and biological samples employing 2-D materials. In this work, the proposed sensor consists of GeO2 core-cladding–silver (Ag)–graphene-analyte structure, whereas Ag provides the sharp resonance dip and graphene enhances the sensing capability. The sensor’s performance analyzes by applying the wavelength interrogation technique. In the study, first, the optimization of Ag and graphene layers’ thicknesses and indent angle is executed by observing the performance of minimum transmittance power and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). Second, the sensing parameters of limit of detection (LoD), detection accuracy (DA), sensitivity, and figure of merit (FoM) are analyzed with the help of optimized structure. Results show that the maximum achieved parameters are an LoD of
${6} \times 10^{-7}$
RIU, a DA of
${12} \times 10^{-3}$
, a sensitivity of 8000 nm/RIU, and an FoM of
$21.5~\text {RIU}^{-{1}}$
. The results furnish a substantial improvement in comparison to the reported work in the literature.