A Review of Key Technology Enablers and Challenges in Megawatt Scale On-road and Off-road Transportation Electrification

The transition towards decarbonization and net-zero emissions has accelerated the evolution of power electronics, steering the industry toward higher power levels in Mega-Watt (MW) Scale transportation electrification. This paper introduces key technologies enabling MW Scale transportation electrification systems like power electronic converters, battery chemistry, high-power connectors, smart grid integration technologies, standards, and challenges within the transportation industry. A market survey of products in megawatt range for off-road applications like electric tugboats, cruise ship, container ship, ferries, mining trucks, aircraft, and on-road/train transportation applications like EVs and trucks, trains is also included. This paper provides a holistic perspective and valuable insights into the MW-scale transportation electrification technologies, market and challenges.