Vibration Sensitivity of One-Port and Two-Port MEMS Microphones

Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) microphones (mics) with two acoustic ports are currently receiving considerable interest, with the promise of achieving higher directional sensitivity compared to traditional one-port architectures. However, measuring pressure differences in two-port microphones typically commands sensing elements that are softer than in one-port mics and are therefore presumably more prone to interference from external vibration. Here, we derive a universal expression for microphone sensitivity to vibration, and we experimentally demonstrate its validity for several emerging two-port microphone technologies. We also perform vibration measurements on a one-port mic, thus providing a one-stop direct comparison between one-port and two-port sensing approaches. We find that the acoustically-referred vibration sensitivity of two-port MEMS mics, in units of measured acoustic pressure per external acceleration (i.e., Pascals per g), does not depend on the sensing element stiffness nor on its natural frequency. We also show that this vibration sensitivity in two-port mics is inversely proportional to frequency (
${S}_{\text {Pa}/{g}}\propto {1}/{f}$
) as opposed to the frequency independent behavior observed in one-port mics. This is confirmed experimentally for several types of microphone packages.