Review of Fault Diagnosis based Protection Mechanisms for Battery Energy Storage Systems

Secondary battery protection has become a major area of research, especially as more commercial products and large-scale energy management systems come to rely on rechargeable batteries such as the lithium-ion battery. This concern for protection not only arises from the desire for convenience to have continually working systems, but also from the severity of the consequences of batteries failures. Some results of lithium-ion battery failures can include, combustion or explosion of the faulty battery cell, combustion or explosion of nearby battery cells, and electrical damage of connected circuit components among others. Research in the field of fault protection schemes for batteries focuses on minimizing damage to the system when a fault is expected to occur and the detection and diagnosis of what types of faults could be present within a battery cell or higher-order group of battery cells. This paper focuses on reviewing the literature of fault protection schemes for lithium-ion batteries based on the detection and diagnosis of well known battery failures.