Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for Image Synthesis and Augmentation

In the realm of medical imaging, a scarcity of reliable, sizable datasets for training supervised deep learning models persists. One solution involves leveraging Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to fabricate synthetic deepfake images, bridging this gap and enriching available data. Deepfake technology seamlessly transfers crucial features from source to target images or videos, mimicking the source with remarkable fidelity. Over the past decade, propelled by cutting-edge deep learning techniques and vast datasets, medical image processing has made monumental strides. Supervised deep learning models now achieve superhuman performance across diverse medical imaging applications. Synthetic deepfake images, produced through techniques like GANs, serve various purposes, including dataset balancing, modal translation, and expansion. To efficiently augment training data for deep learning, a hierarchical GAN (HGAN) framework is proposed, focusing on generating high-quality knee images. HGAN integrates spectral normalization in discrimination and pixel normalization in generation, enhancing training stability. Evaluation metrics such as AM Score and Mode Score are employed to benchmark HGAN against alternatives like PGGAN, reflecting its efficacy in advancing medical imaging research and application.