Analyzing the Impact of Temperature Variations on the Performance of Thermoelectric Generators

Recent advancements in renewable energy technologies have brought Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) to the forefront, primarily due to their ability to efficiently convert waste thermal energy into electrical power across multiple power levels. This study delves into the environmental benefits and operational efficiencies of TEGs, highlighting their zero-emission, silent operation, and low maintenance requirements. A significant portion of this research is dedicated to exploring the influence of temperature differential (ΔT) on the efficacy of TEGs, as temperature is a crucial factor in the energy conversion process. The electrical representation of TEGs is modeled as a voltage source in series with an internal resistance, while its thermal aspect comprises parallel-connected p- and n-type thermocouples. The study aims to meticulously analyze the behavior of TEG models under various thermal gradients and to scrutinize their electrical characteristics under different load conditions. This is achieved through comprehensive experimental methodologies, with the findings underscoring the impact of temperature variations on both hot and cold sides of TEGs on all electrical parameters. It is observed that an increase in the temperature difference results in a corresponding rise in both the maximum power output and the open-circuit voltage. In essence, the efficiency of TEGs is noted to improve with a higher and more stable temperature differential.